Petroleum fouling costs refineries in the United States more than 2 billion dollars per year with 2/3 of fouling expense in the crude unit and 76% of this due to increased energy consumption. Therefore, this Session will include methods to determine the causes of fouling and with this knowledge how to mitigate the fouling and to prevent its reoccurrence.

Topical 7: 15^th Topical on Refinery Processing