Modified Nanofiltration Membranes for Hydraulic Fracturing Water Filtration

Water usage in hydraulic fracturing is growing.  This water usage competes with agricultural and other needs.  Further, the disposal of water used in hydraulic fracturing has been linked to earthquakes.  We are working on developing techniques for recycling this water.  One such technique is nanofiltration, which can selectively separate divalent ions from monovalent ions.  However, selectivity espeically in real frack solutions remains a problem.  We are working on developing methods for increasing the selectivity by modifying polysulfone based membranes.