Eric Lewandowski, Kathleen J. Stebe, and Peter C. Searson. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Maryland Hall Rm 221, Baltimore, MD 21218
The configurations and interactions of micro- or nanoparticles at fluid interfaces depend strongly on the particle geometry and the contact angle of the three phase contact line in the zero Bond number limit. First, the directed end-to-end assembly of cylindrical particles in a side-on configuration is studied. Fluid climbs the end faces of the cylinders, and when menisci from different particles overlap, attractive capillary interactions are created that drive assembly. Second, the orientation and translation of cylindrical objects on curved interfaces are described; forces driving translation and torques driving orientation are established that depend on the local curvature of the fluid interface. Video microscopy experiments and numerical analysis are presented in which cylindrical objects are placed on (macroscopic) menisci formed by capillary rise on a bounding surface. Particles on convex interfaces align perpendicular to the bounding surface, while particles on concave interfaces align parallel to the bounding surface. The magnitudes of the forces acting on the particles are determined from experiments using an external electric field.