In aqueous systems, the hydrophobic effect drives the self-assembly of amphiphiles into a broad range of micellar, rod-like, bicontinuous, and liquid-crystalline complex fluids, which have myriad biological, materials, and product applications. Amphiphilic self-assembly is not limited to aqueous systems, however. Replacement of water with supercritical carbon dioxide, for example, results in complex fluids that combine the best properties of gases and liquids. Along this vein, we explored the self-assembly of surfactants in anhydrous sugars, where the low-cost, water-solubility, low toxicity, and stabilizing properties of glassy sugars make them ideal water-replacements for many pharmaceutical, food, and materials synthesis applications.