Wednesday, November 7, 2007 - 4:45 PM
479d

The Separation Of Water From Steam/hydrogen Mixtures Using A Naa-Coated Alumina Membrane

Raymond Everson1, Hein Neomagus1, Henning Krieg2, and Shawn Moodley1. (1) School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Hoffmann Street, Potchefstroom. 2520, South Africa, (2) School of Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Hoffmann Street, Potchefstroom. 2520, South Africa

The importance of coal-to-liquid and gas-to-liquid process technologies is being recognised throughout the world for the production of high value fuels and chemicals from coal and natural gas. At the heart of both these technologies are the Fischer-Tropsch reactors where purified synthesis gas, is converted over metal catalysts to yield a broad spectrum of hydrocarbons. In this reaction, excessive amounts of water are formed, which have a negative impact on the process, in terms of equilibrium conversion and kinetics of the reaction and the stability of the catalyst. It would therefore be beneficial to in-situ remove the water from the reaction mixtures, which could be facilitated by membranes. Since the harsh conditions of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, ceramic membranes are preferred. It is the aim of this work to study the selective removal of water from steam/hydrogen mixtures. Hydrogen has been chosen, since it occurs as the largest fraction in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction product. For this purpose, a NaA composite zeolite tubular membrane was developed. The alumina support was prepared via centrifugal casting, and a NaA layer was deposited via a thermal deposition method. A shell and tube membrane module was used and both single component and binary mixtures were studied. The experimental results showed ideal selectivities less than unity, and decreasing rapidly from a temperature > 430 K. However, in binary mixtures, the selectivity of water was very large (> 1000) at low temperatures. As the temperature increases, a sharp decrease of the selectivity occurs at a temperature which was dependent on the partial pressure of the steam. This sudden decrease was explained by inter-crystalline diffusion, and the pore diameter of these inter-crystallines was estimated to be 2 nm.